Rethinking STEM Education: Theoretical and Sociocultural Frameworks presents a concise yet comprehensive exploration of STEM education as an interdisciplinary and socially embedded field. Grounded in key theoretical perspectives such as constructivism, radical constructivism, cognitive load theory, and sociocultural theory, this edited volume connects foundational learning theories with contemporary instructional practices, curriculum design, and assessment approaches. The book adopts a holistic perspective by positioning mathematics as a core integrative component of STEM, examining technology as a transformative force in learning and assessment, and emphasizing inclusive and formative evaluation practices aligned with 21st-century skills. Beyond pedagogy, it situates STEM education within broader sociocultural, ethical, and ecological contexts, addressing themes such as community engagement, responsible innovation, environmental sustainability, and culturally grounded STEAM+S frameworks. Designed for researchers, educators, and policymakers, this volume offers a theoretically informed and socially responsive perspective on rethinking STEM education for a rapidly changing world.