Traditional and Complementary Medicine (TCM) encompasses a wide array of culturally rooted practices used throughout history to prevent, diagnose, and treat physical and mental illnesses. Although definitions vary globally, institutions such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), and the European Federation for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (EFCAM) have contributed to a conceptual framework distinguishing traditional, complementary, alternative, and integrative approaches. In Turkey, regulatory progress has been significant, culminating in the 2014 Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practices Regulation, which standardized training requirements, practitioner qualifications, and authorized medical centers. This regulatory framework formally recognizes 15 therapeutic modalities, including phytotherapy, larval therapy, prolotherapy, music therapy, osteopathy, mesotherapy, chiropractic, homeopathy, ozone therapy, reflexology, cupping therapy, hirudotherapy, apitherapy, hypnotherapy, and acupuncture. Each modality carries distinct historical foundations and therapeutic mechanisms. Phytotherapy employs standardized medicinal plants; larval therapy utilizes Lucilia sericata larvae for selective debridement; prolotherapy promotes connective tissue repair via controlled inflammation; and music therapy provides psychological and physiological benefits traced back to ancient civilizations. Manual approaches such as osteopathy and chiropractic focus on restoring structural and functional balance. Other modalities such as mesotherapy, homeopathy, ozone therapy, cupping, and apitherapy offer diverse applications ranging from immunomodulation to localized therapeutic stimulation. Public interest in TCM has grown globally and in Turkey due to increased life expectancy, chronic disease prevalence, dissatisfaction with conventional treatment limitations, and widespread informal information sources. Despite high usage rates particularly among older adults, cancer patients, and families—professional guidance remains limited. This gap highlights the need for clinicians to engage in evidence-based discussions, ensuring safe integration of traditional practices with conventional medical care. Overall, TCM represents an evolving healthcare dimension that necessitates informed regulation, scientific ev